Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Overview

Pelvic organ prolapse develops when one or several organs in the pelvis begin to descend and protrude from the vagina.

Typical signs include the following:

  • A heavy sensation in the lower abdominal region and genitals
  • Discomfort in the vaginal area
  • A lump descending from the vagina
  • A numb sensation during sexual intercourse
  • The bladder is not emptying completely
  • The need to frequently visit the bathroom

In some cases, pelvic organ prolapse appears asymptomatic and is detected during an internal examination, which is often completed for the purposes of cervical screening.

There are four main forms of prolapse such as:

  • Anterior prolapse occurs when the bladder protrudes from the front wall of the vagina.
  • Uterine prolapse, which occurs when the womb collapses into the vagina.
  • The upper portion of the vagina begins to descend.
  • Posterior wall prolapse arises when the bowel protrudes from the back wall of the vagina.

Aetiology

Pelvic organ prolapse arises when the muscles and tissues that support the pelvic organs (pelvic floor) gradually weaken and can no longer support and secure the organs firmly in place.

A number of factors may contribute to the weakening of the pelvic floor, such as:

  • Child delivery: This happens as a result of prolonged labour or due to multiple births.
  • The natural ageing process
  • Overweight/obese
  • Prolonged constipation
  • Hysterectomy
  • Excessive weight lifting

Treatment

It's important to note that pelvic organ prolapse can also have a significant impact on your emotional and psychological well-being. Many people with this condition experience feelings of embarrassment, self-consciousness, and a reduced quality of life. It's important to discuss these aspects with your healthcare provider as well.

Treatment consists of the following:

  1. Healthy lifestyle modifications are a key part of managing pelvic organ prolapse. By maintaining a healthy, balanced weight, consuming a high-fibre diet, and avoiding excessive weight lifting, you can take control of your condition and reduce its impact on your daily life.
  2. Pelvic floor exercises are a powerful tool in managing pelvic organ prolapse. These strength training exercises can significantly reduce the symptoms of a weakened pelvic floor, giving you hope for a more comfortable future.
  3. Vaginal pessary: A vaginal pessary is a device made of silicone or latex that is gently placed into the vagina and left securely in place to reinforce the vaginal walls and pelvic organs.
  4. Surgical repair/reinforcement: These repairs encompass a range of surgical procedures such as vaginal mesh surgery, hysterectomy and the closing of the internal vaginal canal.

FAQ

1When should I visit my doctor for pelvic organ prolapse?

If symptoms of prolapse occur or if you notice a lump in the vaginal area, you must visit your doctor soon.

2What is vaginal mesh surgery?
Vaginal mesh surgery entails the use of an artificial mesh (plastic net) that’s safely inserted to secure the pelvic organs firmly in place.
3Can I self-correct the prolapse?
It's important to note that attempting to self-correct pelvic organ prolapse is not safe and should never be attempted. Doing so can lead to further complications. Always seek professional medical advice for the best course of action.
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FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

What are considered concerning urological symptoms?

  • A weak urinary stream
  • Signs of bladder stones
  • Difficulty urinating
  • Pain
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