Overview
Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) are not to be taken lightly. These bacterial infiltrations of the urethra and bladder, if not treated promptly, can become chronic and resistant to treatment, posing a serious health risk.
The urinary system is made up of the following structures:
- The kidneys cleanse the blood and stimulate body waste (urine).
- The ureters are tubes that deliver urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
- The bladder accumulates and stores urine.
- The urethra is a tube that delivers urine to the exterior of the body.
Unfortunately, a UTI can impact any portion of the urinary system. When the infection only impacts the bladder, it is considered a minor but treatable illness. However, the infection could potentially spread to the kidneys, which may result in severe health implications and hospitalisation. Though UTIs can affect anyone regardless of age, they are more common among women than men.
Typical signs of a UTI include:
- Increased urination
- Dark or blood-stained urine
- A burning feeling when urinating
- Kidney pain which is felt in your lower back or underneath the ribs
- Bladder pain
When the UTI travels to your kidneys, it can cause nausea, vomiting, chills, a high fever, lethargy, and disorientation.
Aetiology
In most cases, UTIs occur due to the presence of bacteria infiltrating the urinary system through the urethra and increasing in number within the bladder. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a prevalent bacterial infection and a common cause of bladder infections and cystitis. This usually occurs when faecal matter (microscopic fragments of faeces) enters the urinary tract. It's important to note that UTIs can also be caused by other factors, such as sexual intercourse. For example, UTIs can develop when you have anal intercourse and then vaginal intercourse without cleansing properly between sessions.
As a result, anal intercourse raises your risk of a urinary tract infection significantly. Therefore, bladder infections may occur from the water sprays from toilet flushings or inadequate wiping. Foamy urine is also a significant sign of this.
Treatment
There are medications (antibiotics) administered over the course of the week to help treat the infection. Antibiotics work by killing the bacteria causing the infection. It's important to complete the full course of antibiotics, even if you start feeling better, in order to ensure all the bacteria are eliminated. There are also preventative measures to reduce the recurrent risk of this:
- Urinate more frequently
- Drink sufficient water to flush bacteria from the urinary system
- Avoid spermicides or diaphragms
- Avoid wearing tight, restricted-fitted clothing.
FAQ
A urine sample (urinalysis/urine culture test) is a test performed to check for an infection present.
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
What are considered concerning urological symptoms?
- A weak urinary stream
- Signs of bladder stones
- Difficulty urinating
- Pain