Overview
Kidney stones are complex formations that occur in the kidneys. They are usually released through urine and may develop inside the ureter and kidney. Kidney stones can cause extreme discomfort and potentially lead to infections inside the kidneys. If not correctly treated, the kidneys may fail to function.
Aetiology
Waste products within the blood may accumulate and develop into solid crystals that build up inside the kidneys.
The formation of kidney stones arises due to:
- Insufficient intake of fluids
- The intake of specific medications
- An underlying medical condition that increases the level of specific substances in the urine
Once a kidney stone fully forms, it may be challenging to pass it out. More expansive stones need to be broken up before they are surgically removed.
Large kidney stones may result in the following symptoms:
- Pain that occurs on the side of the abdomen
- High body temperature
- Sweating
- Spots of blood in the urine
- Urinary infection
Treatment
Even though tiny kidney stones can cause extreme pain and discomfort, there are effective treatment options. A general practitioner will prescribe non-steroidal anti-inflammatories to alleviate pain and advise drinking sufficient water to flush excess fluid.
Hydration is a key factor in kidney stone management. It's important to drink sufficient fluids to help remove excess water and avoid fizzy drinks and foods high in salt content. If your urine is too dark, it's a sign that you're not receiving sufficient fluids. By maintaining a healthy level of hydration, you can help prevent the formation of kidney stones.
There are many forms of surgery for kidney stone removal, such as:
- Shockwave lithotripsy: Relies on strong shock waves to break down urinary tract and kidney stones.
- Ureteroscopy is a less invasive surgery that uses a tool (ureteroscope) to investigate and treat the upper urinary tract.
- Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL): This is a less invasive surgery that involves the resection of kidney stones.
Depending on your symptoms and diagnostic evaluation, your doctor will decide on the best surgical approach.
FAQ
Receiving insufficient water, weight loss surgery, obesity and eating foods that are too high in salt and sugar can lead to the development of kidney stones.
- Intense pain in the back that worsens
- Spots of blood in the urine
- Hazy urine
- A burning sensation while urinating
The stone can pass out through the urinary tract through the urine.
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
What are considered concerning urological symptoms?
- A weak urinary stream
- Signs of bladder stones
- Difficulty urinating
- Pain