Overview
Testicular cancer is a form of cancer that arises in the testicles. It occurs when the cells multiply at an alarming rate. The testicles play a critical role in the male reproductive system as they are responsible for secreting the male reproductive hormone testosterone.
Testosterone is an important hormone that gives a man masculine qualities, such as a deep voice, a beard, the development of muscles, the ability to achieve an erection and a high sex drive (male libido).
Unfortunately, the lymph nodes, which form a part of the lymphatic system, are where cancer is most likely to travel. When cancer travels to the lymph nodes, these nodes get larger. It's quite common for cancerous cells to migrate in the lymph nodes within the abdominal region with this particular form of cancer.
Risks
Younger men are susceptible to the condition so are transwomen who haven’t had their testicles removed. The occurrence of testicular cancer increases depending on your diet and lifestyle factors (smoking and exercise), as well as genetic and environmental factors.
Undescended testicles, a condition known as cryptorchidism, increase this risk. Men who haven't had surgery to correct this or those who haven't had surgery at a young age are more at risk of the condition.
Diagnosis
Usually, concerning symptoms of testicular cancer include the following:
- Swelling or an abnormal lump on one side of the testicle.
- Pain inside the scrotum or testicle
- Heaviness in the scrotal region
- A significant difference between both testicles.
Treatment
Fortunately, testicular cancer is highly treatable, especially when detected early. Treatment depends on the stage and form of the cancer, with chemotherapy and radiation therapy often following surgery.
Treatment consists of the following:
- For some cases, active surveillance may be recommended. This involves closely monitoring the type of cancer to check for any changes, providing a less invasive treatment option.
- Surgery to remove the cancer, including lymph nodes in the abdominal region (retroperitoneal lymph node dissection).
FAQ
- Genetic predisposition
- Family history of testicular cancer
- The accumulation of fluid in the scrotum
- Aching pain in the groin or lower part of the abdomen
- Pain inside the scrotum or testicle
- Significant changes to the shape and size of the testicles.
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
What are considered concerning urological symptoms?
- A weak urinary stream
- Signs of bladder stones
- Difficulty urinating
- Pain